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the bed height was halved and the bed and heater lengths were doubled. Also, the energy flux at the heater boundaries was reduced in order to supply the same total energy as in the first set of simulations, since the surface areas of the heaters were doubled as well. In the third set of simulations, the bed’s geometry was kept constant but the value of the thermal conductivity of the adsorbent was doubled in order to compare with those of the second set. The energy flux for these simulations were kept the same as the first set maintaining a constant energy flux at the heater boundaries. In the fourth and final set of simulations, the adsorbent’s thermal conductivity was increased to a large value (100 W/(m K)) in order for the finite element solver to approximate the case of an infinite thermal conductivity, i.e., a system with 100% heating efficiency. These simulations were done in order to have an upper limit estab- lished for the regeneration efficiency. Further increases in the thermal conductivity have no observable effect. A regeneration efficiency, η, was then determined for each set of simulations after they reached a periodic state by taking the ratio of the mass of CO2 desorbed to the total energy supplied. These are compared in Figure 3.6. It is apparent that as the thermal aspect of the adsorbent bed becomes increasingly nonuniform during desorption, the regeneration efficiency decreases with the minimum occurring when only one heater supplies energy to the adsorbent bed. Also, the bed geometry has a significant impact on the regeneration efficiency and must be taken into account to approach an ideal value. Figures 3.7 and 3.8 depict the amount of CO2 in the adsorbed-phase per unit depth in the TSA bed at the periodic state after an adsorption and desorption half-cycle respectively for that of a realistic thermal conductivity compared with an essentially infinite thermal conductivity, a thermal conductivity that has been dou- bled, and when the bed height is halved and length doubled. The units on the y-axis 38PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION COMPRESSION AND MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
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