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CHAPTER IV FIXED-BED ADSORPTION WITH NONPLUG FLOW: PERTURBATION SOLUTION FOR CONSTANT PATTERN BEHAVIOR 4.1 Introduction A fundamental understanding of the factors that affect breakthrough behav- ior is required to design and optimize an adsorption-based process. For many ap- plications, such as those involving low breakthrough concentrations, a quantitative understanding of the phenomena that may alter the breadth of a breakthrough curve is necessary. These phenomena include, but are not limited to, external mass trans- fer resistances, intraparticle mass transfer resistances, the nonlinearity of adsorption isotherms, and dispersion in the axial and transverse directions. A considerable amount of work has been performed to analyze phenomena that affect the breadth of the breakthrough curve for adsorption processes with plug-flow. For example, Costa and Rodrigues5 demonstrate the significance of axial dispersion on the breadth of the breakthrough curve. As the Peclet number is increased the width of the breakthrough curve decreases, or tightens up. Coppola and LeVan4 indicate the influence that fluid-solid-adsorption equilibria has on the breakthrough curve for deep beds. As an adsorption bed begins to saturate, the velocity of the adsorption wave for a very favorable adsorption isotherm approaches the fluid velocity near the bed outlet and subsequently the breakthrough is abrupt. However, breakthrough behavior for beds of moderate to large cross-sectional area is rarely as sharp as predicted by theory based on plug flow. Only in small diam- eter columns and carefully packed laboratory-scale columns, including those for high- efficiency chromatography, are sharp breakthroughs found. Instead, breakthrough curves will spread based on a combined effect of deviations from plug flow including wall effects and the shape of the adsorption isotherm. 50PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION COMPRESSION AND MEMBRANE SEPARATIONS
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