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1 INTRODUCTION The rise in global environmental concerns has resulted in widespread efforts toward investigation of sustainable energy sources and technologies that can deliver clean energy. In the USA, 104 EJ of primary energy is consumed annually, of which 91.2% is from non-renewable sources (EIA, 2015). Combustion of these fossil fuels generates nearly 3.96×1012 kg of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the USA (with a total of 29.43×1012 kg on Earth (GCA, 2014)) each year, contributing significantly to global warming. The total CO2 emission is dependent primarily on four factors (Gates, 2010): Global population Per capita use of services (e.g., appliances) CO2 produced per unit of energy Energy required for each of the services. Of these factors, the development of ways to moderate the first two factors is a very long term goal and is complicated as they are closely tied with the human development index (HDI). However, tackling the last two causes of CO2 emission is more tangible and offers opportunities for engineering solutions. 1.1 Natural gas as a fuel The CO2 emission coefficient of coal is 96 kg GJ-1 of energy, whereas for petroleum-based fuels, it is 70 kg GJ-1. As compared to these fuels, natural gas produces 50 kg GJ-1 upon combustion without production of any solid waste, such as soot (EIA, 2015), thus addressing the third factor mentioned above. With continuously increasing proven natural gas reserves and the consequent availability of cleaner energy at a reducedPDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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CO2 Organic Rankine Cycle Experimenter Platform The supercritical CO2 phase change system is both a heat pump and organic rankine cycle which can be used for those purposes and as a supercritical extractor for advanced subcritical and supercritical extraction technology. Uses include producing nanoparticles, precious metal CO2 extraction, lithium battery recycling, and other applications... More Info
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