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To enhance the quality of the fuel and minimize corrosion of the pipelines, the minimum acceptable natural gas purity is set to 98% (Baker, 2002). Furthermore, when the gas is liquefied (LNG) for transportation and storage, the CO2 fraction is limited to 100 ppm, to avoid freezing of CO2 and choking of pipelines (Schaal, 2013). Because of multiple separation processes, the typical plant size, and the corresponding capital costs are high. As an example, Figure 1.4 shows the large footprint of the Prudhoe Bay processing plant in Northern Alaska, from where the processed gas is sent to the end use via pipelines. To accommodate the growing need of natural gas as a primary fuel and to reduce the cost overhead to improve market penetration, compact and cost-effective natural gas separation and purification processes meeting the purity constraints must be investigated and commercialized. 1.2 Thermally driven energy systems Annually, 40 EJ of primary energy is consumed in the USA to produce 14.75 EJ of electricity (EIA, 2015), with 87% coming from fossil and nuclear fuels. The power Figure 1.4. Prudhoe bay natural gas processing plant in Alaska (White, 2014) 4PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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