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2 PROCESS MODELING METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction Natural gas consumption worldwide is over 3.14 trillion m3 per year (Schaal, 2013) and continuously increasing. Therefore, natural gas purification is by far the largest industrial gas separation application with a total worldwide market of up to $5 billion per year (Baker, 2002). Natural gas is predominantly methane (CH4); but also contains impurities such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen (N2) and other hydrocarbons in varying proportions ranging from 10% to 30%. Before supplying the gas via pipelines, removal of these impurities is essential. Gases such as N2 reduce the combustion efficiency of the fuel without other harmful effects; however, acid gases such as H2S and CO2 are corrosive, harmful to the environment, and may lead to excessive maintenance costs. Furthermore, freezing of CO2 clogs liquefaction pipelines due to its relatively high freezing point. Regulations on CH4 purity in natural gas are therefore stringent. Pipeline grade purity requirement exceeds 98.0% (Baker, 2002), while the CO2 content in liquefied natural gas (LNG) is limited to 100 ppm (99.99% pure CH4) (Schaal, 2013). As natural gas becomes increasingly important as an alternative to conventional fossil fuels, the growing need for inexpensive, multi-utility (large to small scales, on- shore and off-shore platforms), and scalable natural gas purification systems that cater to these product purity requirements must be addressed. The most widely used large-scale process for the removal of acid gases from CH4 involves the absorption of gaseous contaminants into liquid solvents that demonstrate 11PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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