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the adsorbed species that are subsequently removed from the system. A pressurization stage follows, after which the next batch of feed gas can pass through the bed. In a TSA process, the adsorbate is removed from the adsorbent by increasing the adsorbent temperature. After the adsorbed components are removed, the adsorbent bed is regenerated by cooling the adsorbent, followed by the next feed stage. Although the nature of a typical adsorption process is periodic, commercial viability can be improved by out-of-phase product collection from several adsorbent beds, making the overall process pseudo-continuous (Cen et al., 1985). Bed-based PSA systems are well established and a vast body of literature describing the flow and adsorption kinetics in the adsorbent bed is available. The research scope in PSA systems has been widened to study different adsorbents and their impacts on adsorbent breakthrough. In particular, interaction of different classes of zeolites such as 13X, 5A, LTA, silicalite, and DDR with gases such as N2, CO2, CH4, and water vapor has been documented in terms of pure gas adsorption isotherms, competitive adsorption isotherms, and heat of adsorption (Cavenati et al., 2004; Delgado et al., 2007; Liang et al., 2009; Palomino et al., 2009; Wang and LeVan, 2009; Morishige, 2011; Peng et al., 2011; Shao et al., 2011; Delgado et al., 2012; Mulgundmath et al., 2012). For metal organic frameworks (MOFs), larger capacities for the component gases than zeolites have been reported, but from a separation cycle perspective, more energy is required to desorb the adsorbed species (Liang et al., 2009; Palomino et al., 2009; Chowdhury et al., 2012; Herm et al., 2012; Askari and Chung, 2013). Figure 2.2 shows an overview of CO2 adsorption isotherms at 25°C for representative adsorbents. The adsorbents show not only 16PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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