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The uncertainties associated with the measurement of pressure, temperature, mass flow rate and mole fractions affect the heat and mass transfer results discussed in Figure 4.4. Type-A uncertainty, which considers random variation of the measured variable around the sample mean is represented by the standard deviation of the mean and is calculated using Equation (4.1) (Coleman and Steele, 1989). 1N 212 UA NN1Xi X (4.1) i1 Type-B uncertainty is the systematic error or the manufacturer specified uncertainty for the specific component. Equation (4.2) is used to calculate systematic error in the measurement by sensors. Total uncertainties for all the components are calculated using Equation (4.3) and are listed in Table 4.1 (Coleman and Steele, 1989). N Y a X b 2 ii U 2 i1 (4.2) (4.3) B N2 U2 U 2 U 2 AB Table 4.1. Calculated uncertainties for sensors Sensor Pressure [kPa] Mass flow rate [kg hr-1] Temperature [C] Mass spectrometer [%] Type A 0.0080 0.0070 0.0003 0.0680 Type B 4.1000 0.0040 0.0307 1.0800 Total 4.100 0.008 0.031 1.082 Calculated Type-B uncertainties and absolute total uncertainties for the monitored variables are also listed in Table 4.1. Engineering Equation Solver (EES) software (Klein, 2016) is employed to calculate uncertainty propagation in the adsorption time. The uncertainty in adsorption time [s], i.e., the lag time between fluid breakthrough and 114PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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