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model test Error Q Q 100 (4.35) Qtest As shown in Figure 4.10(a), 90% of the predicted adsorption times fall within ±20% of the observed data points, with an average absolute deviation (AAD) of 14%. The agreement for ΔT is not as good, with an AAD of 41% as seen from Figure 4.10(b), due to the reasons discussed previously. However, as shown in Figure 4.10(c), predicted ΔT and observed ΔTMax are in good agreement, with an AAD of 13%. Thus, for a constant th, ε, and MF of 30 μm, 0.80, and 0.54, respectively, the observed ΔT values would agree well with the predicted ΔT. It appears that the primary reason for the somewhat poor agreement between the predicted and observed ΔTs is manufacturing variability and reduced loading of adsorbent, which lead to shorter temperature peaks than those predicted. Furthermore, the average deviation (AD) and AAD for ΔT are the same 41%, confirming the systematic bias of the model results towards predicting higher ΔT than the average ΔT that is observed. This bias is clearly because of the manufacturing variability in the test sections, where the lack of adsorbent particles and insufficient loading contribute a reduced local ΔT, thereby affecting the average ΔT for all thermocouple locations. The effect of uneven adsorbent distribution and manufacturing variability in the PLOT columns used for the experiments is also corroborated by Figure 4.11(a), which shows a photograph of the PLOT column adsorbent layer at three different axial locations. At some locations, adsorbent particles are completely absent. The azimuthal variation in adsorbent loading is also seen in these images. The repeatability and uniformity of data are affected because of the uncertainty in the thermal path between the 133PDF Image | TEMPERATURE SWING ADSORPTION PROCESSES FOR GAS SEPARATION
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