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Three basic methods to separate gases Separation with sorbents/solvents Solvents Amine scrubbing technology was established over 60 years ago in the oil and chemical industries, for removal of hydrogen sulphide and CO2 from gas streams Commercially, it is the most well established of the techniques available for CO2 capture although practical experience is mainly in gas streams which are chemically reducing, the opposite of the oxidising environment of a flue gas stream. There are several facilities in which amines are used to capture CO2 from flue gas streams today, one example being the Warrior Run coal fired power station in the USA where 150 t/d of CO2 is captured. Mono-ethanolamine (MEA) is a widely used type of amine for CO2 capture. CO2 recovery rates of 98% and product purity in excess of 99% can be achieved. There are, however, questions about its rate of degradation in the oxidising environment of a flue gas and the amount of energy required for regeneration Improved solvents could reduce energy requirements by as much as 40% compared to conventional MEA solvents. There is considerable interest in the use of sterically-hindered amines which are claimed to have good absorption and desorption characteristics. The conditions for CO2 separation in pre-combustion capture processes will be quite different from those in post-combustion capture. For example, in a coal IGCC process, modified for capture, the CO2 concentration would be about 35-40% at a pressure of 20 bar or more. In that case, physical solvents, such as Selexol®, could be used for pre-combustion capture of CO2, with the advantage that the CO2 can be released mainly by depressurisation, thereby avoiding the high heat consumption of amine scrubbing processes. However, depressurisation of the solvent still results in a significant energy penalty.PDF Image | Three basic methods to separate gases
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