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boilers FPB and FPA, due to the higher pressure rating of boiler C, a model of the system with the evaporator, the ”hot side”, of the ORC connected to the hot water circuit of boiler FPC is created. In practise, the physical connection is made with pipes, and the flow rate can be controlled by use of three-way valves. Ideally, we would want to maximize the mass flow rate through the condenser and thus connect it to the DHS return flow just upon arrival at the plant, before it has been split up into smaller mass flows within the plant. However, connecting into a point before the fluegas condenser belonging to FPC would raise the temperature of the incoming flow to the flue gas condenser and reduce its power output as a result. Therefore, the condenser is connected just after FGC-FPC. By connecting the evaporator outflow to the return circuit of the FPC HWC, i.e. by connecting in parallel across HX-FPC, the temperature into HX FPC is unaffected. This is desirable since it leaves the temperature difference, ∆T, between HX FPC and the DHS flow unaffected. A reduction in ∆T would in result in a reduced HX heat transfer performance. Due to the fact that the condenser of ORC system is cooled against the return flow, approximately all of the heat output QORC,OUT is recovered in the process. This results in a high, almost 100% total energy efficiency, independent on the electric efficiency which may be 10% or less. Also, due to this, the net power output from the process as a whole (the aggregation of the boiler and flue gas condenser power) is approximately equal to the electric power output, which has the resulting effect that the DHS return temperature is lowered by a fraction relating to the electric power output. 3.3 Model Input Data The available thermal power which may be fed to the ORC is limited by the power of boiler FPC and the rated thermal power input. From the obtained production data it can be seen that FPC is not operated at its maximum capacity, so the input data to the model is adjusted such that as much as possible of the DHS demand is provided for by FPC. However the boiler cannot operate year round, a minimum downtime of 30 days per year is required. An algorithm that finds the 30 day period with the lowest thermal power demand of the DHS network and shifts that load from FPC to FPA and FPA is implemented, resulting in the maximal power loading of the FPC. Another limitation, which is also adjusted for by another algorithm, is the fact that any boiler may not operate for shorter than 7 consecutive days. Neglecting the biogas boiler and peak-load oil boiler, and distribution losses, the DHS demand can be approximated as the sum of the boiler powers and fluegas condenser powers. Q ̇DHS =Q ̇FPC +Q ̇FPB +Q ̇FPA +Q ̇FGC,FPC +Q ̇FGC,FPAB (3.1) 41PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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