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tem, and especially during part load operation. Furthermore, discussion with Againity [53] have revealed that their turbines strongly suffer from reduced performance whenever the condenser cooling flow outlet temperature exceeds 80°C. For this reason they have chosen to limit the condenser cooling flow outlet temperature to 80°C, by either choosing a smaller unit or limiting the thermal heat input to the machine. This is not captured by the developed model of the ORC since its efficiency is shown to be linearly dependent on the condensation temperature, for a fixed operating condition ψ, unlike the efficiency of Againity’s sys- tem. However, the implications of this are not that major, since the condenser cooling flow outlet temperature rarely exceeds 80°C, at least for smaller systems (<500 kW). Also, when the cooling flow outlet temperature exceeds 80% it does so during the summer period when the DHS cooling flow is at its lowest, and during that period the ORC does not produce that much power anyways. In order to limit the scope of the study, the very interesting scenario of connecting an ORC to a hot oil boiler was not evaluated. If the boiler would have been using oil as the heat transfer fluid instead of water, it would be possible to achieve higher temperatures due to the higher satura- tion temperatures of some thermal oils compared to water. This is interesting since it would yield higher evaporation temperatures, turbine inlet pressure and net electric efficiency for an implemen- ted ORC. It would therefore be interesting to assess the profitability of implementing an ORC in a hot oil boiler. The results of such a study might make it interesting to replace old hot water boiler for hot oil boilers. The result of the scenario analysis in which the DHS supply and return temperatures were lowered in interesting, and shows a greatly increased profitability. Reducing the supply and return temper- ature a such that the temperature difference between the supply and return is the same as before, should leave the mass flow rate and pump power consumption unaffected. However, it is difficult to control the return temperature; therefore, it might be appropriate to only reduce the supply temperature. This would increase the mass flow rate of the cooling flow available to the condenser, which would decrease the temperature difference from the condenser inlet to its outlet and thus also decrease the condensation temperature. This might be a more correct approach, however in that case, the additional power consumption of the pumps due to the increased mass flow rate needs to be considered. It would have been interesting to evaluate the greater societal impact, and potential, of the imple- menting these types of ORCs in boiler stations. If the heat energy is supplied using biomass, it may be seen as renewable and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. However, the electricity mix of Sweden is relatively low emitting, so it is questionable just how much an ORC of this application would reduce greenhouse gas emission. A further evaluation of that possible impact would therefore have been very interesting. 85PDF Image | Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles for a Boiler Station
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