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Aerospace 2020, 7, 123 8 of 15 300 290 280 270 Figure 5. Heater temperature Theater distribution of NACA0013. 3. Anti-Icing Performance of Heater for NACA 0012 This section describes the anti-icing simulation with the NACA 0012 airfoil. The numerical conditions are presented in Table 2, which refers to an experimental study by Olsen et al. [38]. The free stream and droplet temperatures were set to −27.8◦ C, which is the rime ice condition. Here again, rime icing is that the impinged super-cooled droplets freeze instantaneously, whereas the glaze icing is that a water film runs back along the wing and freezes. The total number of droplets is 1 million, where the droplets are randomly arrayed over 1 chord width in the 7-chord-upstream location from the leading edge, as shown in Figure 6. As an anti-icing measure, we installed a heater around the leading edge, as shown in Figure 6. The heating region was varied, which resulted in twelve different cases. Each case was named in accordance with the heating region. For example, the heating region of x = 0–1%c is Case 1, while that of x = 0–2%c is Case 2. Present Study Experiment 0 0.02 0.04 Position from Leading Edge [m] Droplet 7.0 c x = 0.01 – 0.12 c c Figure 6. Schematics of the initial droplet location and heating area. The red region on the airfoil indicates the heater setting position. 1.0 c Heater Temperature [K]PDF Image | Anti-Icing Electric Heaters for Icing on the NACA 0012 Airfoil
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