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Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods and Application of High Energy and High Density Plasmas The result of the performance test of the gas tunnel type plasma jet for decomposition of carbon dioxide showed that the thermal efficiency using mixed working gas was about =65% when the working gas flow rate of 100 l/min with the carbon dioxide content of 20% in the working gas and the discharge current of I=100A. The efficiency of carbon dioxide decomposition by the high energetic plasma jet was determined at various conditions. The optimum operating conditions of the gas tunnel type plasma jet will enhance its performance and improve the decomposition process of carbon dioxide. A high decomposition ratio of carbon dioxide will be realized at low carbon dioxide content when high power plasma is used. On the other hand, the decomposition amount per unit power was increased with increase in the mixing ratio of carbon dioxide. 5. Proposed Scheme of Carbon Dioxide Decomposition The new scheme proposed is an approach to completely decompose carbon dioxide to its constituent carbon and oxygen by applying a very high potential to the 3D array of electrodes both horizontally all connected and vertically with alternating positive and negative terminals of high tension. The electrostatic shielding for each pair of vertical electrode is maintained. The experimental setup for this scheme is shown in Fig. 12. The direction of the electric field is in the vertically upward direction of the chimney. Such a large electric field will dissociate carbon dioxide into carbon and oxygen which subsequently ionize into carbon and oxygen ions. A constant magnetic field is applied in the plane perpendicular to the plane of the paper as shown. The magnetic field provides different larmor radii to carbon and oxygen ions which can be separately collected as is done in isotope separation of U235 from U238, or the principle used in a mass spectrograph. 6. Coating Using Gas Tunnel Type Plasma Jet and Material Processing Using Dense Plasma Focus Device 6.1 Gas tunnel type plasma jet The structure of gas tunnel type plasma jet is shown in Fig. 9. In this system the working gas makes a strong vortex flow in the chamber, and forms a low pressure gas tunnel along the torch center axis. This makes plasma production easier, and the strong vortex constricts and stabilizes the plasma jet. The gas tunnel type plasma jet is a high voltage type and also has a positive current-voltage characteristic. The plasma formed in this device is longer and more stable. The applications of this device in the coating are discussed briefly by means of thermal spraying. 6.2 Gas tunnel type plasma spraying In this application the spraying powder is fed inside the plasma flame in an axial direction from the central electrode of the plasma gun. Study of the characteristics of gas tunnel spraying 17) indicated that the sprayed particles are in a fully molten state. As a result, the porosity is decreased, and mechanical properties, such as Vickers hardness, are improved. Therefore, a higher quality ceramic coating can be obtained by the gas tunnel plasma spraying method than with conventional plasma spraying. New functional materials have been produced by plasma spraying with potential in numerous technological applications 18-19). 6.2.1 Ceramic coating There are a number of problems with regard to the mechanical, electrical, chemical, and thermal properties of ceramic coatings produced by a conventional plasma spraying apparatus. These problems can be attributed to the fact that the spraying powder is usually supplied through an inlet located either at the torch exit or at the straight section of the anode nozzle. Moreover, with a conventional plasma spraying apparatus it is very difficult to supply the powder directly into the center of the plasma flame without damaging the electrodes or choking the nozzles. Thus the energy of the plasma jet cannot efficiently heat, melt, and accelerate the ceramic powder. The high-performance gas tunnel type plasma jet 20) is characterized by a higher temperature, speed, and energy 14-15). The gas tunnel type plasma jet was used for high quality ceramics coating by Arata et. al.21) . The gas tunnel-type plasma jet solves the coating problems encountered with a conventional apparatus (Fig.13 and 14). Similar to the alumina coatings just discussed, the quality of stabilized zirconia coatings improved. Figure 13 shows two microstructures of zirconia coatings: (a) is the coating produced by a gas tunnel type plasma spraying apparatus and (b) is produced by conventional means. Zirconia powder has a very high melting point. Forming a coating with zirconia is therefore difficult, and zirconia coatings produced by conventional means are generally very porous, as can be seen in Fig. 13(b). Fig. 12 Proposed Set up for carbon dioxide decomposition. 16PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods
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