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Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods and Application of High Energy and High Density Plasmas Fig. 27 AFM image of germanium nanoparticles. Fig. 28 XRD of Cobalt nanoparticles. c) Germanium nanoparticles Germanium (Ge) material is prepared in the form of a disc using germanium rod (99.999%). This disc is then fitted in the detachable anode. Figure 26 shows the XRD for germanium nanoparticles that shows the (111) and (220) planes of germanium. The AFM image of Ge nanoparticles is shown in Fig. 27. Diameter of particles lies in the range of 40-100 nm. The typical line analysis of AFM image of Ge nanoparticles shows Ra, Rp, Rpm, Rt and to be 7.08 nm, 29.09 nm, 12.06 nm, 55.69 nm and 28.74 nm respectively. d) Cobalt nanoparticles Magnetic materials such as cobalt, iron nanoparticles were prepared and characterized. Cobalt disc is prepared using cobalt rod. This disc is then fitted in the detachable anode. The substrates were placed at a distance of 5.0 cm for three focused shots of DPF. X-ray diffraction of deposited cobalt is shown in Fig. 28. It show a peak at 61.87° which correspond to [102] plane of hcp cobalt. The AFM image of cobalt nanoparticles is shown in Fig. 29. From a typical line analysis, we have found Ra, Rp, Rpm, Rt and Rtm to be 10.55 nm, 23.13 nm, 12.89 nm, 55.06 nm and 25.65 nm respectively. Figure 30 gives the magnetic phase image of cobalt nanoparticles deposited on Silicon substrate with three focused shots. The darker regions show the region of attractive force and lighter regions represent repulsive force of attraction between the tip and the sample surface. The typical size of magnetic domains (shown by arrow head) is about 10 nm. Fig. 29 AFM image of cobalt nanoparticles. Fig. 30 MFM image of Cobalt nanoparticles. e) Iron nanoparticles Iron is deposited on quartz substrate placed at a distance of 5.0 cm from the top of the anode with two focused DPF shots. The AFM image is shown in Fig. 31. From a typical line analysis, we have found Ra, Rp, Rpm, Rt and Rtm to be 3.19 nm, 6.65 nm, 4.23 nm, 16.36 nm and 8.87 nm respectively. The size of the particles was determined by critical dimension analysis and was found to be in the range of 20-80 nm with a typical particle size shown by arrowhead to be 40 nm. Fig. 31 AFM image of iron nanoparticles. 22PDF Image | Carbon Dioxide Decomposition by Plasma Methods
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