CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System

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CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System ( co2-conversion-a-microwave-plasma-catalyst-system )

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to reduce concentrations of the greenhouse gas. This technology can be combined with CO2 capture technology; instead of storing captured CO2 in geological reservoirs, plasma can be used to break down the molecule to create carbon monoxide (CO) and oxygen, essentially mitigating its effects on climate change. Collisions with charged species created in the plasma provide an environment for dissociation to occur. Experimental investigations have reported the successful dissociation of CO2 in various plasma systems such as dielectric barrier discharges [113], microwave discharges [74,101], and glow discharges [107,110]. In particular, low temperature plasmas operating under vacuum are especially capable of achieving high energy efficient dissociation, which is a key component to scaling up the technology for industrial-size applications. However these reported plasma systems have only managed small conversion rates of less than 20% and they require the use of a vacuum pump, causing losses in overall system energy efficiencies [37]. Therefore this technology has not been optimized for industrial use. It is necessary to study the dissociation processes at atmospheric pressure and to look at alternative ways of increasing conversion rate without sacrificing energy efficiency. 1.2 Aim of Research This dissertation focuses on studying the efficiency of CO2 dissociation in an atmospheric pressure plasma system. In particular, an atmospheric pressure microwave plasma source is designed and tested for this purpose, examining the energy cost of creating CO from CO2. In addition, catalyst material is inserted into the post-plasma zone to examine its effect on the conversion of CO2 to CO. In order to determine the effectiveness of the system, an energy efficiency and conversion efficiency analysis will be given for the specific plasma process. A threshold value of efficiency will be developed as a condition to guide future studies of plasma systems for CO2 treatment. A cost comparison to existing technological approaches 3

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