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CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System

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CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System ( co2-conversion-a-microwave-plasma-catalyst-system )

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energy demand, not all countries are following the same path. Countries outside of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), labeled as non- OECD1, are expected to dramatically increase their energy consumption. According to the Energy Information Administration’s 2011 International Energy Outlook, OECD countries are expected to increase energy use by 18% from 2008 to 2035, whereas non-OECD countries have a projected increase of 85%. In particular, China and India are expected to account for more than half of world energy growth by 2035, shown in Figure 2.3a. As of 2009, China had already surpassed the U.S. as the largest world energy consumer. The combination of high populations and the prediction for strong economic growth for both countries equates to an ever increasing energy demand from China and India. In order to meet this demand, energy production must increase as well. Though fossil fuels are still expected to provide the vast majority of energy needs, renewable energy is predicted to be the fastest growing energy sector as shown in Figure 2.3b. Despite the rise in renewable energy technology, China, India and other non-OECD Asian countries will have a larger reliance on coal because of the availability of coal reserves in that region as well as the fact that it is a less expensive energy source. Coal-fired power generation will be needed to sustain the growth in electric power and industrial processes in this region. While the economic cost of fossil fuels may be lower than renewable sources, the environmental cost of burning fossil fuels is significantly greater. CO2 and other polluting greenhouse gases (GHGs) are emitted with the burning of fossil fuels, and these emissions will only increase as world energy demand increases. Fossil fuels are made of hydrogen and carbon atoms, thus given the name hydro- 1Current OECD member countries (as of September 1, 2010) are the United States, Canada, Mexico, Austria, Belgium, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, Japan, South Korea, Australia, and New Zealand. Israel became a member on September 7, 2010, and Estonia became a member on December 9, 2010, but neither country’s membership is reflected in IEO2011 [26]. 10

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