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bend and vibrate when IR radiation strikes the molecule, allowing it to absorb some of the energy and consequently reradiate this energy via vibrations in all directions. This prevents all of the radiation from escaping and causes a general heating of the atmosphere known as the greenhouse effect [68]. The greenhouse effect is a physically occurring phenomenon due to the natural production of gases in the atmosphere. This effect actually stabilizes the temperature of the earth and makes the earth’s climate suitable to sustain life. Without the greenhouse effect, the earth would be about 60°F cooler [24]. The most abundant GHG is water vapor. Water vapor is a critical gas in understanding the future effects of climate change because it creates a feedback loop of increasing temperature. As atmospheric temperatures rise, more water will evaporate from surface stores like lakes and rivers, and since the air is warmer it will be able to hold more water vapor as well. With more water vapor in the atmosphere, more radiation from sunlight will be absorbed and reradiated back to the surface. This causes atmospheric heating which in turn causes more water to evaporate, leading to a feedback system. Therefore the contributions of water vapor to climate change are complicated and hard to predict. Other naturally occurring GHGs are CO2, methane, nitrous oxide and tropospheric ozone, while chlorofluorocarbons are all man-made. Atmospheric concentrations of these GHGs have all been affected by human intervention since the industrial revolution. Concentrations of CO2 in particular have been greatly affected by the burning of fossil fuels. The earth has natural sources and sinks that make up the carbon cycle and this flux of carbon has remained in equilibrium until the contribution of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Figure 2.6 shows the exchange of carbon between the atmosphere, land, and oceans, which is dominated by natural processes like plant photosynthesis. However the increase of CO2 production from human intervention has created an imbalance in the natural cycle such that more carbon is being emitted into 14PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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