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the ability to model current and historical climate changes, giving confidence to their future predictions. Thus, climate modeling can provide important contributions to our understanding of future climate change. In order to accurately predict the magnitude and speed of climate change, certain assumptions must be made for global population size and energy use, and the potential effects of government intervention and legislation should be considered. Therefore different scenarios can be modeled based on these assumptions. The IPCC has developed several such scenarios to cover a wide range of driving forces for future emissions of all relevant GHGs, though none of the scenarios include policies that specifically address climate change. There are four ’families’ of scenarios (A1, B1, A2, B2) that branch out into six groups of scenarios (A1FI, A1T, A1B, A2, B1, B2), which will be explained here for reference in Figures 2.10 and 2.11. The A1 family models a future with rapid economic growth coupled with new technologies and a population that peaks mid-century. The three groups within the A1 family represent scenarios that are fossil fuel intensive (A1FI), balanced (A1B), or predominantly non-fossil fuel (A1T) [46]. The A2 family describes a heterogeneous world with slower growth and change. B1 follows a similar story to A1, but with an emphasis on global sustainability and energy efficiency. B2 focuses on slow growth with diverse technological change and an emphasis on regional environmental protection practices. Future GHG emissions are one of the most important factors in determining the extent of future climate change. The IPCC Special Report Emissions Scenarios (SRES) has developed several long term models to predict changes in CO2 concentrations through the 21st century based on changes in emissions, shown in Figure 2.10. In all scenarios modeled, CO2 concentrations will continue to rise until the year 2100, with concentrations increasing between 41 and 158% compared to present levels. The A1FI scenario results in the highest concentration of CO2, which should be expected since it models a fossil fuel intensive future. Given the predicted rise in CO2 concentrations, 19PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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