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A− + B → (AB−)∗ → AB + e (3.15b) A− +B∗ →A+B+e (3.15c) 3.1.2.3 Neutral Dissociation and Excitation While the previous sections dealt specifically with the creation and destruction of electrons and ions, the following specifically addresses neutral species. The excitation and dissociation of neutral species play very important roles in generating active species to facilitate plasma-chemical reactions. First, methods of electronic, vibrational, and rotational excitation for atoms and molecules will be discussed, proceeded by methods of molecular dissociation. Electronic excitation can occur in both atoms and molecules and requires the highest electron energies (Te > 10 eV) compared to other excitation processes. As with all excitation processes, energy is transferred from the high energy electron to the low energy neutral, and this absorbed energy transitions the neutral species from the ground state to an excited state (Equation 3.16). Cross sections for electronic excitation are on the order of σ ∼ 10−17 cm2 [37]. e+A→A∗ +e (3.16) Vibrational excitation requires less electron energy to stimulate and is very im- portant for plasma-chemistry processes in non-thermal discharges. The process of vibrational excitation is considered to be completed in two steps with the creation of an unstable, short-lifetime excited negative ion, as shown in Equation 3.17 [37]. This describes the transition of molecule AB from vibrational state v1 to v2 where vi is the vibrational quantum number of the negative ion, and is considered a resonant process 38PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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