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energy cost for one CO molecule produced in the plasma [37]. 3.2.1 Vibrational Excitation Plasma assisted dissociation of molecules occurs through electron impact by vibra- tional and electronic excitation. Vibrational excitation is the most effective means for CO2 dissociation because the process requires the least amount of energy. Plasma electrons excite low vibrational levels of the ground electronic state CO2(1Σ+), and these low-energy excited species participate in vibrational-vibrational (VV) energy exchange to create highly excited species with enough energy for dissociation to occur. The non-adiabatic dissociation of vibrationally excited CO2 resulting from the transition 1Σ+ →3B2 from the ground electronic state to a low valence excited state requires only 5.5 eV/mol, which is the exact energy of the OC=O bond. This is a non-direct multi-step process that takes place through VV quantum exchange, as shown in Equation 3.41 [37]. CO2∗(1Σ+) → CO2∗(3B2) → CO(1Σ+) + O(3P) (3.41) From here, the electronically ground state oxygen atom that is created can participate in a secondary reaction with another vibrationally excited CO2 molecule to create another CO molecule, as described in Equation 3.38. Figure 3.8 shows the dissociation process based on the excitation of the different low electronic terms of CO2. If instead the one-step adiabatic dissociation channel of a vibrationally excited CO2 molecule is used, over 7 eV is consumed in the pro- cess (3.42) [37]. In the interest of energy efficiency, the non-adiabatic process is clearly preferred. CO2∗(1Σ+) → CO(1Σ+) + O(1D) (3.42) 52PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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