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from Alter Power Systems. The power supply has an operating range from 10-100% full power. A water-cooled three-port circulator with 3-kW power capability load attaches to the magnetron head to prevent any reflected power from damaging the magnetron. Any reflected power is diverted to a water-cooled dummy load instead. A dual directional coupler placed next to the circulator is used for forward power and reflected power measurements. Here, crystal detectors convert the RF output signal from the coupler to a DC voltage to be read on analog meters via coaxial cables. Next to the directional coupler, a manual three-stub tuner is used to match the impedance of the plasma to that of the MW power in order to establish the most efficient coupling of microwave energy to the plasma. For the tuner used here, three stubs of metallic element are spaced at 1/4 guide wavelength intervals and offset 1/16 guide wavelength from center to be inserted into the waveguide. To enable high power operation, a 1/4-wave choke around the stub is used to eliminate electrical current at the interface between the stub and the waveguide wall [52]. The plasma is sustained by the water-cooled Surfaguide device, which launches a surface wave along the plasma column [10,65,67], as previously described in Sec- tion 3.1.3. The Surfaguide consists of a standard rectangular waveguide with a reduced height section which the discharge tube pierces perpendicularly through the wide waveguide wall. This reduced height section of waveguide provides a maximum electric field where the MW field crosses the discharge tube, allowing for a highly efficient plasma source. A diagram of the Surfaguide is shown in Figure 5.5a. Extending above and below the Surfaguide are two bronze cylindrical waveguides, 33 cm in length, which encase the discharge tube to prevent the emission of microwave radiation. The diameter of the waveguide was designed at the cutoff frequency for a 2.45-GHz wave. Taking Equation 3.33 for the cutoff frequency and taking into account 83PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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