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into the discharge. Positioning of the sliding plunger on the end of the short circuit will vary the position of the standing wave created in the waveguide, enabling optimization of the electric field at the location of the plasma load. All waveguide components are rectangular of size WR284 (inner dimensions 2.84 × 1.34 in), except for the Surfaguide and sliding short which are WR340 (inner dimensions 3.40×1.70 in). Thus a waveguide step transition was used to connect the WR284 flange to the WR340. Though WR284 is rated for use in the MW frequency range of 2.60-3.95 GHz, it can be successfully used for 2.45 GHz at power levels below 6 kW. The WR340 is good for power levels up to 20 kW [52]. Ar and CO2 gas is axially injected from the top of the discharge tube. A combination of Unit and Alicat flow controllers ranging between 10-20 standard liter per minute (slm) are used to regulate the gas flow. Given the potential toxicity of the exhaust gas due to the creation of CO, the exhaust was transferred via tubing to an outside ventilation fan. A port on the end of the discharge tube allows for gas collection at the RGA via fused silica capillary tubing. In order to physically ignite the plasma under atmospheric pressure conditions, a Tesla coil is used capable of outputting between 10,000 and 50,000 V at a frequency around 500 kHz. Using the Tesla coil, a spark is generated at the top of the discharge tube near the axial gas injection location. The microwaves that propagate along the axial direction of the tube will interact with the spark-created electrons to stimulate plasma ignition. This is a quick and effective way of starting the plasma without having to produce a large electric field from the microwave source. 5.2.2 Oil-Cooled Discharge Tube The design of the discharge tube initially began as a simple 1-cm ID quartz discharge tube. The diameter was chosen based on previous experimental reports and on an analysis of the plasma skin depth. Given that the EM surface wave travels on 86PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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