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Figure 6.1: Pure Ar normalized emission spectrum at 1 kw. Ar flow rate is 8 slm. electrons required, ∆H = 11.5 eV/mol. However the reaction CO + CO → CO2 + C requires only 5.5 eV/mol with activation energy Ea = 6 eV. This leads to the formation of C atoms in the gas phase free to combine with other carbon atoms to form C2. This reaction is accelerated by vibrational and electronic excitation of CO molecules, which is easily stimulated in non-equilibrium plasmas [37]. The intensity of the C2 band is actually about two orders of magnitude weaker than the Ar emission intensity, due to the rapid reverse reaction C + CO2 → CO + CO with Ea = 0.5 eV. There are no CO2 bands in the spectrum because CO2 is transparent in the visible region [79]. In addition to changes in the emission spectrum, the plasma also visibly changes in color and discharge characteristics. These changes were observed in a simple 1-cm ID quartz discharge tube, prior to the addition of the cooling jacket. Without the oil-cooling jacket impeding view, the discharge could be clearly examined. Figure 6.3a shows the pure Ar discharge as light blue in color and very contracted and filamentary. With the addition of only about 1% CO2 as shown in Figure 6.3b, the discharge becomes a light green color and less contracted. The plasma length also shortens with 109PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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