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cost of CCS is still less than the plasma dissociation system, even when the plasma system is 100% efficient. Even though CCS technology is slightly more cost effective, CCS only stores CO2 somewhere else instead of being ’stored’ in the atmosphere. The plasma system can actually change CO2 into CO and oxygen, neither of which are technically considered global warming gases, though CO is toxic and can indirectly increase the global warming potential of other GHGs. Thus an overabundance of CO in the atmosphere will invariably cause other environmental challenges and is an undesirable outcome to the total plasma process. CO must find other practical uses, one such use being the creation of synthesis gas, also known as syngas. Syngas is composed of hydrogen and carbon monoxide, and can be used directly as a fuel or as an intermediate for generating synthetic liquid fuels. The CO produced from dissociation can be combined with previously produced hydrogen, or perhaps CO2 and water vapor can be injected in the plasma system to simultaneously produce CO and H2. In this configuration the waste CO2 can produce a usable product via dissociation. If the energy cost of CO2 dissociation can be offset by the energy value of producing syngas in a CO2/H2O plasma, the technology becomes more economically favorable. The energy value, or heating value, of syngas depends on several factors including the gas composition, temperature of combustion, and the type of diluting agent, if any, that is used. Syngas is usually not manufactured as pure CO and H2, and contains other species like CH4, CO2, N2, and H2O. In general, the lower heating value of syngas can range from 200-300 Btu/ft3 [106]. In comparison, natural gas has a much greater heating value near 1000 Btu/ft3. For a given syngas composition of 90% (H2 + CO), the heating value is on the higher end of the syngas range at 319 Btu/ft3 [106]. This is equivalent to 0.002 kW-hr of energy released per gram of syngas burned. Thus if the energy cost of producing the syngas can fall below this value, then there is a net positive product of energy produced in the system. In comparison, the microwave 149PDF Image | CO2 Conversion in a Microwave Plasma Catalyst System
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