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Carbon dioxide not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering fires 1 Frank Huess HEDLUND Technical University of Denmark, (DTU/Compute) DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. E-mail fhuhe@dtu.dk a COWI; Parallelvej 2, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. E-mail: fhhe@cowi.dk a corresponding address Abstract Smouldering fires in wood pellet silos are not uncommon. The fires are often difficult to deal with and extinguishment is a lengthy process. Injection of inert gasses to prevent oxygen from reaching the smouldering fire zone and suppress combustion is a new firefighting strategy. This article argues that injection of inert carbon dioxide into the silo headspace is unsafe. Carbon dioxide is generally available as a liquid under high pressure. When discharged, small particles of dry ice are formed. The rapid flow of particles can generate considerable amounts of static electricity, which can act as a source of ignition if ignitable pyrolysis gasses are present. This article discusses a serious wood pellet smouldering fire and silo explosion in Norway in 2010, which took place when firefighters discharged portable CO2 fire extinguishers into the headspace. The attempt to suppress the fire may have ignited pyrolysis gasses. The article examines selected guidelines, standards, popular wood pellet handbooks and other literature and argues that the electrostatic hazard is widely under-appreciated. In the past, major explosions have been attributed to electrostatic ignition of flammable vapours during the release of CO2 for fire prevention purposes. There is evidence to suggest that those early lessons learned have at least partly passed out of sight. Keywords: wood pellets; silo; smoldering fire; explosion; carbon dioxide; static electricity; Highlights: • deep-seated fires in wood pellets generate pyrolysis gasses • flammable pyrolysis gasses can travel and accumulate, e.g. in the silo headspace • fires cannot be fought with water, novel approaches call for injection of inert gas • injection of carbon dioxide may generate static electricity, leading to silo explosion • industry standards and popular pellet handbooks largely silent on the hazard Pellet silo fire explosion-17 submit pre-print (Orbit).docx .PDF Image | CO2 not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering silo fires
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