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Carbon dioxide not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering fires 9 4 The 2010 silo explosion at Hallingdal 4.1 The facility's fire history Hallingdal trepellets is a wood pellet manufacturer is located in Ål Municipality, Norway, about 200 km NW of Oslo. Raw materials are pinewood and spruce, about 50/50. The facility started production early in 2007. On April 23, 2007, there was a serious fire, which started in a covered pit with approximately 200 m3 of dry (humidity 8%) wood chips in bulk. The chips were still warm from the drying process. An adjacent pit held wet wood chips, humidity about 50%. A wooden wall separated the two pits. The incident started as a minor smouldering fire. Firefighters attempted to localize and contain the fire using various means such as infrared imagery, CO2 extinguishers, fire hoses and steam lances, but the efforts were largely ineffective. Suddenly, the fire intensified, and over a time span of less than 10 minutes, developed into a blaze that spread rapidly to the production building. The fire rendered the facility a complete loss. The facility was rebuilt. To avoid repeat fire contagion the dried wood chips were kept in a silo and the quantity stored was reduced. In addition, a new concrete wall separated the wood chips area from the production building. The following year, on July 5, 2008, there was a new fire in the wood chips area. This time the damage was limited thanks to the fire safety improvements. On July 5, 2010, the facility saw a third fire, this time in a 7,742 m3 silo for final product that had been completed the year before. Shortly after midnight, firefighters were called to a smouldering fire in the silo. Eventually, the silo exploded while firefighters attempted to quench the fire with inert carbon dioxide. 4.2 The silo The silo diameter was 24 m and the circular shell wall was 15 m tall. The apex of the cone roof was at 21 m. A band conveyor system terminating below the apex dumped freshly produced pellets into a pile below. To draw pellets, sliding doors in the floor could open and dump pellets onto a conveyor band. These doors were closed at the time of the fire. Temperature sensors hung on Pellet silo fire explosion-17 submit pre-print (Orbit).docx .PDF Image | CO2 not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering silo fires
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