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Carbon dioxide not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering fires 12 5 Discussion 5.1 Clarification of terms: Inerting and purging Terminology is important and it is useful to clarify precisely what is meant by inerting and purging. Where an ignitable mixture is contained, such as in a processing vessel, the atmosphere can be made oxygen deficient by introducing enough inert gas to make the mixture non-ignitable. This technique is known as inerting in NFPA 69 [9] and NFPA 77 [10]. The key characteristic is that the mixture of flammable gas and air is in the ignitable range before an inert gas is introduced. A different situation exists during start-up of process equipment. Before a flammable gas is introduced into a system containing air, it is often recommended that the air in the system be diluted by a nonreactive (inert) gas such as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, or argon to low concentrations so that when flammable gas is introduced, an ignitable mixture cannot form within the system. In the terminology commonly used in the petrochemical industry, this practice is known as "purging into service" [11]. A similar situation arises during shut-down. If a system that contains a flammable gas is to be taken out of service, the gas can be diluted by an inert gas to low concentration, so that when air is introduced, an ignitable mixture is not created within the system. This practice is known as "purging out of service" [11]. While the two purging practices are similar in principle, it is useful to have two distinct concepts because purging out of service requires much larger quantities of inert gas than purging into service. Carbon dioxide may be a suitable inert gas because both purging practices ensure that an ignitable mixture never forms in the system. Hence, in theory, the introduction of a possible source of ignition due to static discharges is of no concern. Unfortunately, because an inert gas is used, both purging practices may loosely be referred to simply as "inerting". But purging should not be confused with inerting where an ignitable mixture of flammable gas and air is made safe by adding an inert gas. Carbon dioxide is unsuitable for this purpose. Pellet silo fire explosion-17 submit pre-print (Orbit).docx .PDF Image | CO2 not suitable for extinguishment of smouldering silo fires
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