PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 041
3.1 Traditional Sizing and Performance Methods 19 sion systems investigated in Section 5.3 and in Section 5.4, the integration of the electric motor was assumed not to change the geometrical properties of a conventional turbofan nacelle. Generic geometric properties of a short-duct fan cowling were applied for the in- tegration of the electrical fans in the case of the partial parallel hybrid system assessed in Section 5.5. Classical geometrical constraints were set such as the minimum engine ground clearance which affects the design of the landing gear for under-wing mounted engines. The outer mould-line of the fuselage was kept identical to the reference aircraft. Since the electro-chemical sources being stored within the cargo area, the cargo volume was set as a new geometrical constraint for the storage of the energy system as discussed in Section 5.1. The electric components of the PMAD were assumed to be contained within the fuselage and the wing volume. 3.1.2 Aerodynamic Properties The drag polar determines the total drag of an aircraft according to a given flight state and operating lift condition. An accurate prediction of the drag polar is essential to determine the aerodynamic quality of the aircraft and its performance. As illustrated in Figure 3.1, it is typically characterized by the operating coefficient of lift (πΆπΏ) versus the coefficient of drag (πΆπ·) curve. A decomposition of the total drag can be elaborated in profile drag, lift-induced drag, interference drag, wave drag and trim drag. In conceptual design, component build-up functions are commonly used for the calculation of the profile drag [86, 87]. Simplified lifting line theory is generally implemented for the calculation of the lift-induced drag contribution. The wave drag computation can be determined using methods developed by Gur et al. [93]. Interference drag is generally determined according to the arrangement of the components [86, 87]. The integration of the hybrid-electric propulsion system evaluated in Chapter 5 does not rely on tight aero-airframe couplings nor on BLI technology. The traditional βthrust-dragβ bookkeeping is consequently kept for aircraft performance evaluations. Besides the traditional components sizing effects on the aircraft drag computation, the integration of hybrid-electric propulsion system at aircraft level implies capturing incremental profile drag including nacelle profile drag of additional electrical fans. According to conventional aerodynamic methods [86, 87], the nacelle drag contribution of the electrical fans was added by component build-up functions to the drag of the overall propulsion system. 3.1.3 Propulsion System Properties In traditional performance programs, the propulsion system properties are interfaced using multi-dimensional tables comprising the thrust and the fuel flow characteristics as shown in Figure 3.1. The thrust tables determine the maximal thrust available at a given flight state defined by the International Standard Atmosphere deviation (π₯πΌππ΄), the Altitude (π΄ππ‘) and the Mach number (π). They are established with respect to the different engine ratings typically maximum take-off rating (MTO), maximum climb rating (MCL), maximum cruise rating (MCR) and maximum continuous rating (MCO). The fuel flow table determines thePDF Image | Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft
PDF Search Title:
Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport AircraftOriginal File Name Searched:
1399547.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |