PDF Publication Title:
Text from PDF Page: 054
32 3 Methods for Sizing and Performance of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft design performance characteristics of the propulsive device are of importance for integration at aircraft level. A standard component map of the fan was incorporated from GasTurb [95] for performance calculations. At a given flight state according to the conditions π₯πΌππ΄, π΄ππ‘ and π, the available thrust π, the shaft power required (ππhπππ‘) and the efficiency of the propulsive device, πππ·, need to be interfaced at aircraft level. ππhπππ‘ is related to the efficiency of the propulsive device (πππ·) according to Equation 3.1. The determination of πππ· implies the evaluation of the propulsive and transmission efficiencies of the propulsive device [104]. The transmission efficiency is composed of the fan polytropic efficiency, as well as the intake, ducting and nozzle losses [106]. ππhπππ‘ = π Β· π Β· π (3.1) πππ· The maximum thrust characteristics and the required shaft power are illustrated in Figure 3.12 for a ducted-fan model sized at ISA, FL 350 and M 0.78, for a design thrust of 10 kN and a fan design pressure ratio of 1.41 [31]. The thrust level is controlled by the variation of the relative corrected speed of the propulsive device (ππππ,π π· ). Per definition, ππππ,π π· is equal to 1.0 at the design point. At a given flight state and πΉππ πππ ,ππ·, the thrust level decreases when reducing ππππ,π π· . The variation of thrust according to ππππ,π π· is representing for varying altitude in Figure 3.13 for π 0.78 and for varying Mach number in Figure 3.14 at FL 350. The setting of ππππ,π π· is a function of the power available at the shaft of the ducted fan ππ hπππ‘. In other words, the level of thrust achievable depends upon the amount of power delivered at the shaft of the ducted fan. If not enough shaft power is delivered at the shaft by the power system, the relative speed of the fan is decreased in order to match the shaft power requirement according to the off-design power characteristics of the ducted fan model. As a result of the reduction in ππππ,ππ·, the available thrust decreases. These characteristics are determining for the sizing of the electric motor as discussed in Section 3.2.6.2 and applied in Section 5.5. The propulsive device characteristics are mapped at aircraft level with the parameters π₯πΌππ΄, π΄ππ‘, π, ππππ ,ππ·, πΉππ πππ ,ππ· and ππππ,ππ· as inputs, and, π, ππhπππ‘ and ππ π· as outputs. This map interfaces the performance characteristics of the propulsive device to the aircraft sizing and performance environment as illustrated in Figure 3.2. 3.2.3.3 Methods for Combustion Engine Integration The layout of hybrid-electric propulsion system for transport aircraft commonly combines an electrical system with a conventional system driven by a combustion engine installed either in a serial or in a parallel arrangement as discussed in Section 2.1. The geometry, weight and performance characteristics of a combustion engine need consequently to be modelled. For transport aircraft application, a ducted gas-turbine is most likely to be implemented. A geometrical description of turbo-engine components based upon the parametrisation of the engine flow path can be modelled according to methods developed by Seitz [110]. For the prediction of component weights, semi-empirical methods are based upon the geometrical description as described in [110]. For the mapping of the performance characteristics of the combustion engine, the development of the required maps is discussed in the followingPDF Image | Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft
PDF Search Title:
Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport AircraftOriginal File Name Searched:
1399547.pdfDIY PDF Search: Google It | Yahoo | Bing
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
IT XR Project Redstone NFT Available for Sale: NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. Can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Turbine IT XR Project Redstone Design: NFT for sale... NFT for high tech turbine design with one part 3D printed counter-rotating energy turbine. Includes all rights to this turbine design, including license for Fluid Handling Block I and II for the turbine assembly and housing. The NFT includes the blueprints (cad/cam), revenue streams, and all future development of the IT XR Project Redstone... More Info
Infinity Turbine ROT Radial Outflow Turbine 24 Design and Worldwide Rights: NFT for sale... NFT for the ROT 24 energy turbine. Be part of the future with this NFT. This design can be bought and sold but only one design NFT exists. You may manufacture the unit, or get the revenues from its sale from Infinity Turbine. Royalties go to the developer (Infinity) to keep enhancing design and applications... More Info
Infinity Supercritical CO2 10 Liter Extractor Design and Worldwide Rights: The Infinity Supercritical 10L CO2 extractor is for botanical oil extraction, which is rich in terpenes and can produce shelf ready full spectrum oil. With over 5 years of development, this industry leader mature extractor machine has been sold since 2015 and is part of many profitable businesses. The process can also be used for electrowinning, e-waste recycling, and lithium battery recycling, gold mining electronic wastes, precious metals. CO2 can also be used in a reverse fuel cell with nafion to make a gas-to-liquids fuel, such as methanol, ethanol and butanol or ethylene. Supercritical CO2 has also been used for treating nafion to make it more effective catalyst. This NFT is for the purchase of worldwide rights which includes the design. More Info
NFT (Non Fungible Token): Buy our tech, design, development or system NFT and become part of our tech NFT network... More Info
Infinity Turbine Products: Special for this month, any plans are $10,000 for complete Cad/Cam blueprints. License is for one build. Try before you buy a production license. May pay by Bitcoin or other Crypto. Products Page... More Info
| CONTACT TEL: 608-238-6001 Email: greg@infinityturbine.com | RSS | AMP |