Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft

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Conceptual Design Methods Hybrid-Electric Transport Aircraft ( conceptual-design-methods-hybrid-electric-transport-aircraft )

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40 3 Methods for Sizing and Performance of Hybrid-Electric Aircraft 𝑃𝑆hπ‘Žπ‘“π‘‘,πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘£,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯. 𝑃𝐢𝐸,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ is obtained according to the performance map of the combustion engine as established in Section 3.2.3.3. 𝑃𝑆hπ‘Žπ‘“π‘‘,πΆπ‘œπ‘›π‘£,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ = 𝑃𝐿𝐢𝐸 Β· 𝑃𝐢𝐸,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ βˆ’ π‘ƒπΆπΈπ‘‚π‘“π‘“π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’ (3.9) 𝑃𝐿𝐢𝐸 = 𝑃𝐢𝐸 (3.10) 𝑃𝐢 𝐸 ,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ 𝑃𝑆hπ‘Žπ‘“π‘‘,𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ is determined with Equation 3.11 by the limiting power between the power of the electrical motor 𝑃𝐸𝑀 and the 𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑃𝐷,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ delivered at the shaft of the electrical motor. In this equation the efficiency chain determined by πœ‚πΈπ‘€ times the πœ‚π‘ƒπ‘€π΄π· is considered. In addition, the electrical power off-take (𝑃𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,π‘‚π‘“π‘“π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’) is taken into account. The maximal power output of the electric energy and power device is set by a controller. The regulation of the controller can be expressed in terms of a power lever of the electrical energy and power device (𝑃𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑃𝐷). 𝑃𝑆hπ‘Žπ‘“π‘‘,𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ = min(𝑃𝐸𝑀,πœ‚π‘ƒπ‘€π΄π· Β·πœ‚πΈπ‘€ Β·(𝑃𝐿𝐸𝐸𝑃𝐷 ·𝑃𝐸𝐸𝑃𝐷,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ βˆ’π‘ƒπΈπ‘™π‘’π‘,π‘‚π‘“π‘“π‘‘π‘Žπ‘˜π‘’)) (3.11) 𝑃𝐸𝑀 is determined in Equation 3.12 according to the power lever of the electric motor (𝑃𝐿𝐸𝑀) and 𝑃𝐸𝑀,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯. 𝑃𝐸𝑀,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ is calculated according to the power map of the electric motor as described in Section 3.2.3.4. 𝑃𝐸𝑀 =𝑃𝐿𝐸𝑀 ·𝑃𝐸𝑀,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ (3.12) πœ‚πΈπ‘€ is determined according to the performance map of the electric motor as detailed in Section 3.2.3.4. πœ‚π‘ƒπ‘€π΄π· is calculated according to the layout of the PMAD system as high- lighted in Section 3.2.3.5. The maximum power available at the electrical energy and power device is determined in the case of a battery system according to the maximum power of the battery system (π‘ƒπ΅π‘Žπ‘‘,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯) which can be established by the terms expressed in Equation 3.5. For a hybrid-electric propulsion system equipped with fuel cells, the maximum power of the fuel cell system 𝑃𝐹𝐢,π‘šπ‘Žπ‘₯ is determined according to the number of cells as discussed in Section 3.2.3.6.2. 3.2.4.1.2 Serial Hybrid System The mathematical relations for the determination of the maximum thrust of a serial hybrid-electric propulsion system are formulated in this paragraph. They are based upon a generic serial hybrid-electric propulsion system illustrated in Figure 3.3. In contrast to a parallel system, the maximum thrust of a serial system depends

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