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applied sciences Article Development of Pump-Drive Turbine Module with Hydrostatic Bearing for Supercritical CO2 Power Cycle Application Donghyun Lee * , Byungock Kim, Mooryong Park, Hyungsoo Lim and Euisoo Yoon Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials, Daejeon 34103, Korea; kbo2612@kimm.re.kr (B.K.); mrpark@kimm.re.kr (M.P.); limbo999@kimm.re.kr (H.L.); esyoon@kimm.re.kr (E.Y.) * Correspondence: donghyun2@kimm.re.kr Received: 21 August 2020; Accepted: 24 September 2020; Published: 29 September 2020 Abstract: The turbomachinery used in the sCO2 power cycle requires a high stable rotor-bearing system because they are usually designed to operate in extremely high-pressure and temperature conditions. In this paper, we present a pump-drive turbine module applying hydrostatic bearing using liquid CO2 as the lubricant for a 250 kW supercritical CO2 power cycle. This design is quite favorable because stable operation is possible due to the high stiffness and damping of the hydrostatic bearing, and the oil purity system is not necessary when using liquid CO2 as the lubricant. The pump-drive turbine module was designed to operate at 21,000 rpm with the rated power of 143 kW. The high-pressure liquid CO2 was supplied to the bearing, and the orifice restrictor was used for the flow control device. We selected the orifice diameter providing the maximum bearing stiffness and also conducted a rotordynamic performance prediction based on the designed pump-drive turbine module. The predicted Campbell diagram indicates that a wide range of operation is possible because there is no critical speed below the rated speed. In addition, an operation test was conducted for the manufactured pump-drive turbine module in the supercritical CO2 cycle test loop. During the operation, the pressurized CO2 of the 70 bar was supplied to the bearing for the lubrication and the shaft vibration was monitored. The successful operation was possible up to the rated speed and the test results showed that shaft vibration is controlled at the level of 2 μm for the entire speed range. Keywords: supercritical CO2 cycle; hydrostatic bearing 1. Introduction Owing to stricter environmental regulations and energy depletion worldwide, the demand for power generation systems with higher efficiencies and reduced capital and operating cost has increased. With these aims, power cycle systems using supercritical CO2 (sCO2) have been examined as potential alternatives to conventional steam Rankine power cycle systems. In the sCO2 power generation cycle, friction losses are very low due to the small viscosity of the working fluid, and the size of the modular system can be significantly reduced because of the high density of sCO2 and the high-pressure operation characteristics. Accordingly, owing to these advantages of sCO2 power generation, numerous studies are underway, primarily in developed countries. Sandia National Lab (SNL) proposed and tested a 250 kW sCO2 Brayton cycle [1,2]; Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation (BMPC) also proposed a 100-kW CO2 Brayton cycle integrated system [3,4]. Echogen developed a 7.3-MW sCO2 power cycle for waste heat recovery system [5]. They used hydrostatic CO2-supported bearings for the compressor and reported approximately 3.5 MW of generated power. The Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM) investigated a sCO2 cycle for a heat recovery system [6]. To evaluate the performance of the designed core modules, the integrated test facility is designed as a 250-kW class sCO2 recuperated Rankine cycle. These studies demonstrated the technical viability of sCO2 power generation systems. Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 6824; doi:10.3390/app10196824 www.mdpi.com/journal/applsciPDF Image | Development of Pump-Drive Turbine Module Super CO2 Application
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