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Netherlands Journal of Geosciences e12-13 Figure 18. Results of sensitivity analysis of the timing of starting geothermal exploi- tation on cumulative gas production of ROD-102. Distance geothermal producer at 250 m, geothermal injector at 2000 m and flow rate is 250 Sm3 h−1. (A) Start geothermal exploitation before ROD-102 shut-in; (B) start geothermal exploitation after ROD-102 shut-in, with gas production resuming in later stages. Results The timing scenarios show that geothermal production in the water leg in later stages of gas production is still beneficial to the cumu- lative gas production (Table A3 in the Appendix). The addition of a geothermal doublet before the close-in of ROD-102 can still affect the encroaching water table significantly (Figure 18A). Geothermal exploitation after the shut-in of the gas well can still have an impact when gas production is resumed afterwards; higher gas recoveries are obtained the longer geothermal production occurs (Figure 18B). Other observations Bottom hole pressure in geothermal producer In nearly all scenarios the geothermal wells are affected by the decrease in reservoir pressure, subsequently leading to lower BHPs in the geothermal wells (Figure 19). In a limited aquifer scenario, the impact of the pressure drop is largest and the mini- mum BHP constraint of 100 bar is reached. This causes the geo- thermal flow rate to be lowered accordingly. The scenario with a Figure 19. Bottom hole pressures of the geothermal production well for different scenarios. Distance geothermal production well at 250 m, geothermal injector at 1500 m and flow rate is 250 Sm3 h−1. Figure 20. Gasproductionrateofco-producedgasingeothermalproductionwellfor different scenarios. Distance geothermal production well at 250 m, geothermal injec- tor at 1500 m and flow rate is 250 Sm3 h−1. strong aquifer drive shows that the BHP is barely affected by the gas production, and it quickly restores to the initial BHP once gas production ceases. Co-production of natural gas in geothermal producer In many scenarios the geothermal producer with higher flow rates also produces gas along with the produced water (Tables A1 and A2 in the Appendix). The amount of gas being produced strongly depends on the reservoir setting, with the reservoir models with trends showing the highest gas rates (Figure 20). With higher gas production rates the geothermal producer only starts to produce gas once ROD-102 closes in. In a strong aquifer drive setting, there is very little gas production compared with other scenarios. Economics Methodology The most prolific well configuration, aiming for high geothermal power output and a coefficient of performance (COP) higher than 10 in the reference model, is used to calculate the economics of the geothermal system. The potential geothermal power is determined using DoubletCalc 1.4.3 software (Van Wees et al., 2012). For both geothermal wells a skin of −1 is added in order to mimic deviated Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. IP address: 173.229.12.141, on 13 Jan 2021 at 23:29:16, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use, available at https://www.cambridge.org/core/terms. https://doi.org/10.1017/njg.2019.11PDF Image | Dual hydrocarbon–geothermal energy exploitation
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