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Netherlands Journal of Geosciences e12-17 in order to have an economical supply of heat, a minimum heat demand has to be present, preferably close to the geothermal pro- duction site. Godderij et al. (2018) demonstrated that once a heat grid throughout the village of Roden is installed, the demand becomes aligned with economic supply of heat. In theory the above three requirements are met in the study area of this paper. Therefore synergy between gas production and geothermal exploi- tation with an aligned supply and demand could be applied here. In the Netherlands there are numerous gas fields where a moderate to strong aquifer drive exists, at which the synergy concept of this paper could be applied. However, in some areas, for example Slootdorp, the demand for heat appears to be quite far from the gas production facility, making the economic application of syn- ergy in that area questionable. Conclusion The presented simulations and sensitivity analyses on the Roden gas field demonstrate that the placement of a geothermal doublet close to the GWC of a producing gas field may lead to a higher gas recovery factor. The additional revenues can be used to partly finance the geothermal development, thereby reducing the invest- ment risk. The significance of increased gas production predomi- nantly depends on the amount of aquifer support linked to the gas reservoir. Sensitivity analyses indicate that a limited aquifer drive causes the gas- and geothermal production to interfere with one another, resulting in reduced benefits for both the gas recovery and geothermal exploitation. The Roden gas field, which is characterised by a moderate to strong aquifer drive, may achieve significantly higher gas recovery through an optimised gas- and geo- thermal well configuration. The interplay between gas- and geother- mal production is very complex, however, and dependent on location-specific conditions such as the distribution of reservoir parameters and production strategy, including well placement. Performing thorough simulations is therefore key to maximising the benefits. Although installation of a geothermal doublet in an early phase of gas production delivers the best results, it may still be beneficial to consider installation at a later stage when water breakthrough is emerging or the wells are closed in after full water breakthrough. Synergy with geothermal exploitation may therefore be key to an economic redevelopment of gas fields nearing the end of field life as well as to opening geothermal plays in areas where the initial investment risks are currently blocking developments. The additional profits obtained from increased gas production due to synergy between natural gas production and geothermal development can be used as an early repayment of the investment costs of the geothermal project, thereby lowering the financial risks. Acknowledgements. The authors thank Bart van Kempen for his assistance with the petrophysical evaluation of the Roden gas field. Joaquim Juez-Larré is thanked for fruitful discussion regarding reservoir pressure behaviour. Mark Vrijlandt, Christian Bos and Raymond Godderij are thanked for assis- tance with the economic models. A special thanks to Harmen Mijnlieff for his constructive review of an earlier version of the manuscript. References Aramburo Velez, D.A., 2017. Synergy between geothermal and stranded oil fields to add value to geothermal projects. MSc Thesis Report. TU Delft (Delft). Available at https://repository.tudelft.nl/islandora/object/ uuid:54e04066-3074-45af-8f1c-d5f5051b9151/datastream/OBJ/download. 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Een brede basis voor een duurzame warmtevoorziening. Available at www.ebn.nl/wp-content/ uploads/2018/05/20180529-Masterplan-Aardwarmte-in-Nederland.pdf. Davis, A.P. & Michaelides, E.E., 2009. Geothermal power production from abandoned oil wells. Energy 34(7): 866–872. Franco, A. & Vaccaro, M., 2013. Numerical simulation of geothermal reser- voirs for the sustainable design of energy plants: a review. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 30: 987–1002. Geluk, M.C., 2007. Permian. In: Wong, T.E., Batjes, D.A.J. & De Jager, J. (eds): Geology of the Netherlands. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (Amsterdam): 63–83. Geluk, M.C. & De Jager, J., 2012. The development of the oil and gas industry. In: Floor, O.(coord. ed.): Dutch earth sciences – development and impact. KNGMG (The Hague): 208–222. Godderij, R., Hofman, H., Heusschen, J. & Herber, M.A., 2018. Economic re-use viability of a partially depleted gas field as geothermal doublet. In: AAPG Geothermal Cross-Over Technologies Workshop, 17–18 April 2018, Utrecht, the Netherlands. American Association of Petroleum Geologists (Tulsa, OK). Honoré, A., 2017. The Dutch gas market: trials, tribulations and trends. Available at www.oxfordenergy.org/wpcms/wp-content/uploads/2017/05/ The-Dutch-Gas-Market-trials-tribulations-and-trends-NG-118.pdf. Juez-Larré, J., Remmelts, G., Breunese, J.N., Van Gessel, S.F. & Leeuwenburgh, O., 2016. Using underground gas storage to replace swing capacity of the giant natural gas field of Groningen in the Netherlands: a res- ervoir performance feasibility study. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 145: 34–53. Kramers, L., Van Wees, J.D.A.M., Pluymaekers, M.P.D., Kronimus, A. & Boxem, T., 2012. Direct heat resource assessment and subsurface informa- tion systems for geothermal aquifers; the Dutch perspective. Netherlands Journal of Geosciences 91(4): 637–649. Lensink, S.M. & Van der Welle, A.J., 2018. Basisprijzen en basisprijspremies SDEþ 2018. Available at www.ecn.nl/publicaties/PdfFetch.aspx?nr=ECN- N–17-026. Lensink, S.M., Cleijne, J.W., Beurskens, L.W.M., Uslu, A., Cremers, M., Lemmes, J., Mast, E., Schulze, P. & Mijnlieff, H., 2018. Eindadvies basisbe- dragen SDEþ. Available at https://www.ecn.nl/publicaties/PdfFetch.aspx? nr=ECN-E–17-048. Lukawski, M.Z., Anderson, B.J., Agustine, C., Capuano Jr, L.E., Beckers, K.F. & Livesay, B., 2014. Cost analysis of oil, gas and geothermal well drilling. Journal of Petroleum Science Engineering 118: 1–14. MEA (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy), 2016. Energieagenda. Naar een CO2-arme energievoorziening. Available at www.rijksoverheid.nl/ binaries/rijksoverheid/documenten/rapporten/2016/12/07/ea/Energieagenda- 2016.pdf. MEA (Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Policy), 2018. Natural resour- ces and geothermal energy in the Netherlands 2017. 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