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✹ ◆❡✇ ❆♣♣❧✐❝❛t✐♦♥s ♦❢ ❊❧❡❝tr✐❝ ❉r✐✈❡s Figure 1. Conventional, hybrid and universally-electric propulsion system topology [5] 2.1. Topological options for electric drive application The topological options for the application of electric drives to the propulsion system of transport aircraft are detailed in the following sections. The discussion covers serial, parallel as well as integrated arrangements. 2.1.1. Serial system A general characterization of a serial system is given by the electrical nature of the node connecting the different systems composing the propulsion power-train. The most common serial arrangement is known as turboelectric [9–12]. It denotes a serial system where electric power is produced by a generator driven by a combustion engine typically a gas-turbine. Efficiency improvement in the propulsion system results notably from the advantage that the gas-turbine operation is now decoupled from the operational constraints of the propulsor [9, 13]. The system efficiency and mass can consequently be optimized by operating the gas-turbine and the propulsor close to their peak efficiency. However, because of the greater bill-of-material due to the additional electrical components, in the propulsion chain, the weight of the system is expected to increase compared to a conventional propulsion system [9]. In order to make this approach viable at aircraft level, this penalizing aspect needs to be overcome by any improvements in system efficiency and/or structural-aero-propulsive integration (see Section 2.2.3). A serial system using fuel-cells as means of electrical energy generation can be entertained. The efficiency of advanced fuel cells including the balance-of-plant is forecast to reach efficiency levels comparable to that of advanced gas-turbines. However, the power density of fuel cell stack is expected to remain much lower than that of a gas-turbine [14]. ThePDF Image | Electric Drives for Propulsion System of Transport Aircraft
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