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❊❧❡❝tr✐❝ ❉r✐✈❡s ❢♦r Pr♦♣✉❧s✐♦♥ ❙2st❡♠ ♦❢ ❚r❛♥s♣♦rt ❆✐r❝r❛❢t ✶✾ ✶✵✳✺✼✼✷✴✻✶✺✵✻ Figure 10. Relative change in block ESAR versus block degree-of-hybridization for energy Heblock. Electric fan cruise throttling Figure 11. Relative change in MTOW versus block degree-of-hybridization for energy Heblock. Geared-turbofan cruise throttling [23] The analysis of the relative change in block ESAR versus Heblock in Figures 9 and 10 reveals interesting trends resulting from the system implications of the different strategies. As highlighted in the beginning of this section considering the first strategy, an increase in Hpuse results in a higher level of thrust throttling of the GTFs during cruise due to the installation of larger EF. This effect contributes to a reduction of the GTF efficiency due to stronger part load operations. This operational consequence can be observed through the noticeable degradation in ESAR at higher levels of Hpuse indicated in Figure 7. In the second strategy, the EFs are throttled back and the GTFs run close to their maximum efficiency during cruise. As a result, block ESAR increases slightly with Hpuse as the overall propulsion system efficiency is improved through the use of the efficient electrical system and it remains almost independent of Hpuse for short design ranges. The decrease in block ESAR at higher 10 5 0 −5 −10 −15 −20 −25 −30 −35 −40 −45 0 10 20 30 40 50 Degree of hybridization for block energy He [%] block Electric fan 15 20 25 30 cruise throttl Hp [%] use 35 40 45 50 55 ing 900 1 1700 1100 1300 1900 Design Range [nm] 2100 500 Study settings: e = 1.5kWh/kg battery Cargo volume/PAX = 0.14m3 130 120 110 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 Degree of hybridization for block energy He [%] block Study sett Cargo volume/PAX = 0.14m3 e = 1.5kWh/kg battery ings: 2100 Design Range [nm] GTF cruise throttling 35 30 25 10 15 20 40 45 Hp [%] use 50 1900 1700 1500 55 900 1300 1100 Relative change in MTOW [%] Relative change in block ESAR [%]PDF Image | Electric Drives for Propulsion System of Transport Aircraft
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