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Flamedetected Case 5 Case 6 Case 7 Case11 Case 12 Diverter not closed? Abort GTstartup Purge fan fails? Figure 19. Safety system logic diagram. Specific recommendations to minimize the potential for a deflagration in the direct evaporator unit include: 1. Do not allow flammable/explosive concentrations of working fluid-TEG mixtures to stagnate. It is advisable to sweep such mixtures through the system. A minimum TEG velocity should be observed. 2. Purge the oxygen out of the ORC with an inert gas upon system startup. 3. Incorporate hydrocarbon sensors in appropriate locations to detect leaks. If a leak is detected, a system to divert the hot gas to bypass stack should be activated and the working fluid system depressurized. Since the working fluid is heavier than air, any escaped liquid or vapor will tend to settle in low areas or travel some distance along the ground or surface. Potential ignition sources should be identified and safeguarded. 2.5 Flammability Analysis As shown in Figure 20, oxygen, heat, and fuel are the three elements necessary for a fire to occur. Autoignition occurs when sufficient self-heating by chemical reactions takes place to accelerate the rates of reactions to produce full-scale combustion. Combustion is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions that occur between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. Combustion feeds a fire with heat, enabling the process to continue. In the proposed ORC design, oxygen, heat (from the TEG), and fuel (i.e., the working fluid) are present creating the potential for a fire in the direct evaporator. 20 Purgefan activated Case 1 Closediverter, emergencyshut- down of ORC Case 3 Case 2 Leaked hydro- carbon detected Case 4 Case 8 Abort diverter opening Case 9 Em e r g e n c y s h u t - down of ORC+ GT Case 10 Inert gas purgePDF Image | Final Report Modifications and Optimization of the Organic Rankine Cycle to Improve the Recovery of Waste Heat
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