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CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION This chapter provides an overview of e-waste and Waste Printed Circuit Boards (WPCBs), covering definitions of e-waste, categories of e-waste, e-waste management, and chemical compositions of WPCBs, as well as a market value analysis of WPCBs. 1.1 E-waste Overview The production of Electric and Electronic Equipment (EEE), such as TV sets, computers, cellphones and many other items, is one of the most rapidly increasing markets in the world, as a result of the rapid revolution in information and communication technology (Tuncuk et al., 2012; Widmer et al., 2005). Meanwhile, the significant EEE technical innovation and market expansion increase their performance quality, but, at the same time, shorten their life-span and accelerate the replacement of outdated EEEs. Consequently, given e-waste increasing volume and content of both hazardous and valuable materials, the waste of EEEs becomes an emerging environmental challenge as well as a business opportunity (Widmer et al., 2005). According to the latest estimates and projections, the global quantity of e-waste generation was approximately 41.8 million tonnes in 2014, and it is expected to be 49.8 million tonnes in 2018, with an annual growth rate of 4 – 5% (Baldé et al., 2015) (Fig. 1.1). Waste Electric and Electronic Equipment (WEEE), e-waste, e-scrap, and end-of-life electronic waste are generic terms used to embrace various discarded electronic and electric devices. A summary of some selected definitions is listed in Table 1.1; There is, as yet, no standard definition (Tuncuk et al., 2012; Osibanjo et al., 2016). Two different categories of e-waste are shown in Table 1.2. Table 1.3 (Widmer et al., 2005) shows an example of e-waste material composition. E- waste generally comprises plastics, ferrous and non-ferrous metals, wood, glass, printed circuit boards, wires, and ceramics, even though chemical compositions of e-wastes considerably depend on the product type and manufacturing technology, their applications, ages, and technical innovation. Metals, polymers and ceramics are the major driving forces of recycling e-waste not only because of their economic values, but also due to their possible toxicities (Tuncuk et al., 2012). It is globally recognized that e-waste can be considered the secondary metallic source to 1PDF Image | HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF E-SCRAP
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