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Figure 3.8 Eh-pH diagram of Br-Cu-H2O system at 25 °C ([Cu]=10-3 M, [Br]=0.775M) (Stabcal) 3.4.3 Review on Bromide Leaching of Precious Metals Bromine leaching for the extraction of precious metals has been studied for decades, given the difficulties in extracting precious metals from refractory and carbonaceous ores via conventional cyanidation. Shaeffer (1882) filed a patent to use bromine to extract silver and gold from the refractory ore, which could not be treated by the amalgamation process. Hinman (1895) then realized that to achieve a fast and efficient extraction of gold, an excessive amount of bromine was necessary; therefore, the prevention of bromine loss and the regeneration of bromine were the keys to make bromine leaching applicable and economically feasible. Around half a century later, Putman and his colleague Fink (1942) indicated in their patent that the addition of chlorine or hypochlorite could accelerate the dissolution of gold in the bromine solution and regenerate free bromine by oxidizing bromide ions to bromine via chlorine or hypochlorite. In the US. Patent 4904358 (1990), Hess et al. leached gold and silver in an electrolyzed sodium bromide solution. Specifically, an electric current passed through the leaching solution to oxidize bromide ions to free bromine. The free bromine further reacted with water to produce the active bromine (HOBr), as expressed in Eq. 3.13, 3.14 and 3.15. 30PDF Image | HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF E-SCRAP
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