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leaching time via GEROBROM 3400 was around 4 times shorter than cyanidation. Gold could be recovered by carbon adsorption, ion exchange, solvent extraction or zinc precipitation. Furthermore, his economic feasibility showed that compared to cyanidation, the higher dissolution rate and lower recovery costs of using GEROBROM 3400 could give economic advantages to the bromine process, while the reagent cost of the bromine process ($10.50/t) was higher than the cost of cyanidation ($9.50/t). Pesic and Sergent published two articles in 1991 and 1993 to investigate the mechanism of the reactions of bromine with pure gold by using the rotating disk technique (Pesic et al., 1991 and 1993). Both studies claimed that the addition of copper, iron, and manganese in their highest oxidation states, as well as potassium, aluminum, zinc and sodium, had no effect on the rate of gold dissolution. They also claimed that the presence of hydrogen peroxide and manganous sulfate substantially suppressed the dissolution of gold, due to the catalytic decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and the passivation on the gold surface in the neutral pH, respectively. Moreover, they proposed that the elevated temperature and high concentration of bromine sources could accelerate the dissolution rate of gold (Pesic et al., 1991 and 1993). However, based on Pesic and Sergent’s study in 1991, the gold dissolution in the GEROBROM 3400 was chemically controlled; conversely, in the system of liquid bromine and sodium bromide, the two mechanisms were responsible for the gold dissolution, depending on the composition of bromine and sodium bromide. To be specific, the excessive amount of bromide present in the leaching solution determined that the predominant adsorbing species was Br3-, which further resulted in the following rate expression, as shown in Eq. 3.16. On the other hand, when the excessive amount of bromine was present in the solution, the rate expression was given in Eq. 3.17, (Pesic et al., 1993). Rate = 2(kc17ka16)1/2K15[Br3-] (3.16) Rate = (2kc27ka29)1/2[Br-]1/2{K25[Br2]3/(1 + K25[Br2]3)}1/2 (3.17) Other than the series of GEROBROM products, inorganic perbromides and a stabilized bromine that is produced by Albemarle Corporation are also capable of exhibiting exceptionally low vapor pressure and excellent stability compared with liquid bromine (Dadgar et al. 1995; Melashvivli et al., 2014). The inorganic perbromides generally consist of bromine, metal bromide, hydrobromic acid and solvents, such as alcohols (methanol, butanol and the like) and organic acids (acetic, propionic, succinic, adipic and the like), depending on the pH of the solution and the Br2 concentration required (Dadgar et al. 1995). Melashvili et al. investigated the possibility of the 32PDF Image | HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF E-SCRAP
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