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CHAPTER 5 PHYSICAL BENEFICIATION In order to minimize the consumption of leaching reagents and energy, as well as increasing the efficiency of metal extraction, it is necessary to investigate the possibility of using physical separation to pre-concentrate the valuable metals from waste printed circuit boards. Physical separation herein basically refers to gravity separation, flotation, electrostatic separation and magnetic separation. The following sections will detail each of the separation mentioned above. 5.1 Experimental Procedure Experimental procedures are presented here to fully illustrate how physical separation experiments are conducted and guide others who may investigate this subject in the future. 5.1.1 Heavy Liquid Separation Sodium polytungstate (3Na2WO4·9WO3·H2O) was used to make the separation media due to its low toxicity and viscosity. Based on the size distribution shown in Fig. 4.2, around 80% of ground printed circuit boards are present in the size range from 210 μm to 4760 μm. Thus, the cutting point of 1410 μm was determined to split + 210 μm materials into two size fractions. The heavy liquid separation was conducted for materials with the size range of +210-1410 and +1410- 4760 μm, respectively. Ten grams of the sample was placed in a beaker together with the liquid of desired specific gravity. The specific gravity of the liquid started with 1.0 g/mL. After 10 minute agitation, the sample was allowed to stand for 20 minutes to permit the heavier particle to settle and the lighter particle to float. The floats were skimmed off. The sinks were then treated at the next higher specific gravity. The final sink was washed from the beaker to a funnel. Each product was washed three times by distilled water, dried, weighed and digested by Aqua Regia. The chemical composition of the products was then determined by ICP-MS. 5.1.2 Shaking Table A wet shaking table shown in Fig. 5.1 is a rectangular shaped table with slightly inclined riffled decks and a horizontal plane. The deck moves along its long axis, while water flows by gravity along the short axis. Due to the net effect of the table motion and water flow, the smaller 47PDF Image | HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF E-SCRAP
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