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acids significantly increases the silver extraction, compared to the leaching performance in the absence of mineral acids (shown in Fig. 6.7). Sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid are capable of dissolving more than 95% of silver and base metals, including nickel, zinc, tin and copper. However, sulfuric acid appears to slightly negatively affect the gold dissolution, offering a 91% gold leachability. Nitric acid and hydrochloric acid give similar leaching performances; hydrochloric acid, nonetheless, is likely to be superior compared to nitric acid, due to the following reasons: 1. The cost of nitric acid is higher than that of hydrochloric acid; 2. Nitric acid is required to be removed in order to successfully complete the metal recovery by solvent extraction and electrowinning. In order to validate the leaching reproducibility under optimal conditions, more leaching experiments were conducted. The optimal condition is 50g/L solid/liquid ratio, 2.4kg NaBr/kg PCBs, 0.8L Br2/kg PCBs, 1L HCl/kg PCBs, 400RPM agitation speed and 23.5 °C for 10 hours. A leaching summary of the triplicate experiments is given in Table 6.2. The mass balance calculations are shown in Table F14 and F15. 100.00 90.00 80.00 70.00 60.00 50.00 40.00 30.00 20.00 10.00 0.00 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time (hr) Ni Cu Zn Sn Sb Pd Ag Au Figure 6.12 Bromine leaching of shredded waste printed circuit boards in the presence of 5% HNO3 (0.77M Br2, 1.17M NaBr, 400 RPM, 23.5 °C and natural pH) 77 Metal dissolved (%)PDF Image | HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF E-SCRAP
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