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an isolation method was utilized to determine the reaction order for each reactant by isolating each reactant in turn and keeping all other reactants in large excess. Considering the rate expression as shown in Eq. 7.4, if the bromine is in large excess, by the end of the reaction, the change of the bromine concentration would be negligible. Hence, the rate expression (Eq. 7.5) can be simplified to the following form: r = k’ ∙ CNaBrb ∙ CCuc (7.5) where k’ = k ∙ CBr2a (7.6) Table 7.1 illustrates the initial reaction rates of gold dissolution with respect to various concentrations of bromine, copper and sodium bromine at 23.5 °C and 400 RPM. The reaction orders regarding bromine concentration, sodium bromide concentration and copper concentration, respectively, were found to be 0.55, 0.16 and -0.41, respectively. Therefore, the rate expression can be written as Eq. 7.7. r = k ∙ CBr20.55 ∙ CNaBr0.16 ∙ CCu-0.41 (7.7) Table 7.1 Gold dissolution rates at various concentrations of Br2, NaBr and Cu at 23.5 °C and 400 RPM Br2 (mol/L) 0.388 0.776 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 7.2.2 Effect of Bromine NaBr (mol/L) 0 0 0 0 0.583 1.166 Cu (mol/L) 0.156 0.156 0.156 0.261 0.156 0.156 Rate (mmol/L∙min) 0.00434 0.00635 0.00751 0.00609 0.01244 0.01386 The effect of bromine concentration was studied in the absence of sodium bromide and under their natural pH. Fig.7.1 shows that the presence of bromine is found to be critical for gold dissolution. The increase in bromine concentration had a positive effect on the initial gold dissolution rate, until a certain concentration limit was reached, beyond which bromine had no further effect. Regarding the reaction order, at the low concentration range of bromine (0.39 mol/L 91PDF Image | HYDROMETALLURGICAL TREATMENT OF E-SCRAP
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