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Yanhua Zhang et al. / Procedia Environmental Sciences 16 (2012) 560 – 568 561 To develop a clean and environment-friendly technology for recovery of resources from waste PCBs as soon as possible is not only to raise the utilization rate of resources, but also to reduce pollution, to protect environment, and to achieve energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, this work is of great significance for national construction, and at the same time it can bring economic benefits to the enterprise. At present, there are a lot of techniques of recycling waste PCBs in the world. Researchers has proposed many methods including physical and mechanical separation technology, pyrometallurgical method, hydrometallurgical processing, bio-technology, microwave treatment and supercritical fluid technology to recycle PCBs from different point of view. However, “mechanical crushing + hydrometallurgical” processing is still the most competitive technology for waste PCBs recycling, and it is the most commonly used technology to recycle PCBs abroad [16]. Although a few reviews have been provided on resource recycling progress of waste PCBs by researchers [2,16-27], some of these reviews involve many aspects, and the summary and discussion of hydrometallurgical technology is not deep enough, the others have been finished for a few years, and it’s necessary to add some new literatures. With the amount of waste PCBs growing faster and faster, it’s very important to accelerate the step of developing a kind of process which is economically feasible and environmentally friendly to recycle resources from waste PCBs. Leaching is the initial step in a hydrometallurgical process, it is also the most important key during the precious metal recovery from waste PCBs. Therefore, discussion and summarization on hydrometallurgical technology progress especially on progress of leaching process have been provided in this paper. Table 1 Weight composition of metals from different waste PCBs Refs. Metals [1] [2-4] [5] [6-7] [8] 20 26.8 2 1.9 2 1 1.5 2 0.47 8 5.3 4 1.0 0.4 0.06 1000 80 [9-10] [11] [12] [13] 10 15.6 22 17.85 7 4.78 1.2 1.35 1.55 4.19 1.6 0.16 2.17 0.85 0.28 0.32 1.63 12 1.4 3.6 2.0 3.24 2.6 5.28 280 420 350 350 4.6 Cu/% 23.73 23.47 20 Al/% 4.7 1.33 5 Pb/% 4.48 0.99 1.5 Zn/% 0.75 1.51 Ni/% 3.32 2.35 1 Fe/% 7.47 1.22 7 Sn/% 3.65 1.54 Sb/% 1.82 Au/ppm 800 570 250 Pt/ppm 30 Ag/ppm 800 3301 Pd/ppm 210 294 Total/% ~50 ~33 1000 2000 110 50 ~35 ~40 3300 110 1240 1300 10 250 ~40 ~21 ~22 ~30 ~38 Table 1 shows that recovery of precious metals from waste PCBs is most attractive. Research on recovery of metals from waste PCBs by hydrometallurgical processing began in 1970s [31], the initial goal of that is exactly the recovery of such precious metals as gold and/or silver.PDF Image | leaching precious metals from waste printed circuit boards
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