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Appl. Sci. 2020, 10, 5069 10 of 20 (a) (b) (c) Figure 5. Loading coefficient (ψ) versus (a) flow angles [β2 and α2] (b) Mach number at the rotor inlet [Ma2] and exit [Ma3] (c) normalised efficiency [ηtt] and swirl angle [α3] (d) blade heights [b2 and b3] at various rotational speeds. To investigate the effect of changing the degree of reaction on the performance of the axial turbine, Λ has been varied between 0.0 and 0.5 while fixing φ to 0.2 and ψ to 1.6. Accordingly, the flow angle β2 decreased from 61 to −26◦ and α2 decreased from 82 to 78◦ as shown in Figure 6a. In the same context, increasing the degree of reaction results in an increase in Ma3 from 0.50 to 0.92 and a decrease in Ma2 from 1.43 to 0.90 as shown in Figure 6b. At low reaction values, the stator outlet velocity is high as a result of the large acceleration and thus the Mach number is expected to be high. A higher degree of reaction results in a thin boundary layer and less tendency to secondary flow as result of having a good acceleration at the stator outlet [44]. A noticeable decrease in the efficiency has been experienced while increasing the degree of reaction from 0.0 to 0.5, and this is found for all three of the rotational speeds considered. Particularly, the normalised efficiency decreased from 0.97 to 0.91 at a rotational speed of 150 kRPM. At high degree of reaction values, the swirl angle is small which results in less rotor losses. However, high degree of reaction results in low rotor inlet blade angles (α2), and hence an overall reduction in the efficiency as observed in Figure 6c. In view of the fact that high reaction leads to higher pressure and high density at the rotor inlet, the blade heights decrease as the degree of reaction is increased, as shown in Figure 6d. (d)PDF Image | Mean-Line Design of a Supercritical CO2 Micro Axial Turbine
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