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4 U.S.TransportationSector Renewable and natural gas fuels have significant potential to reduce petroleum dependence and emissions in the transportation sector.aa Yet, to date, they have had limited market penetration. The following section seeks to illuminate various alternative transportation fuel pathways, and serve as a primer for discussion on transportation energy futures. 4.1 PetroleumLock-In Historically, petroleum products in the form of motor gasoline and distillate fuel oil (diesel) have dominated the U.S. transportation sector. Table 2 shows fuel usage by select on-road transportation modes for the year 2010. Petroleum products made up approximately 92% of sector-wide energy usage in 2010 and dominated all modes of ground transportation considered in this report.101 Table 2. 2010 U.S. Transportation Sector On-Road Fuel Usage (Energy Basis) by Mode Share of Total Sector Energy Use Diesel Petroleum Totalcc Natural Gas Blended Biodiesel ee Non- Petroleum Total Electricity Ethanol dd All Uses Commercial Light Trucks Buses (all a types) Petroleum Gasoline bb 100%a 57.0% 20.1% 92.3%b 0.1% 2.0% 56.8% 37.4% 94.2% 0.0% 0.9% 8.9% 83.5% 92.5% 0.0% Non-Petroleum 2.5%c 4.3% 0.9% 7.7% 0.0% 4.3% 1.5% 5.8% 3.4% 0.7% 3.4% 7.5% Light-Duty Vehicles 58.2% 92.5% 0.3% 92.9% 0.002% 0.1% 7.0% 0.01% 7.1% Freight Trucks 17.5% 6.8% 88.5% 95.7% 0.0% 0.2% 0.5% 3.6% 4.3% b Other transportation uses such as rail, aviation, shipping, and military use are not shown. This percentage also includes jet fuel, residential fuel oil, aviation gasoline, liquefied petroleum gases, and lubricants. c Only 0.1% is from compressed or liquefied natural gas for transportation fuel, with the remaining 2.4% used for pipeline fuel natural gas. The oil industry has evolved to serve the vast needs of the United States and the world and has generally demonstrated the ability to meet market demand and respond to price signals. The question remains, however, what will the cost of oil be? Dependence on petroleum has serious implications for economic growth, energy security, climate change, and as a result, foreign policy. In the context of increasingly globalizing energy markets, U.S. energy security can be enhanced by minimizing exposure to fuel price volatility and reducing risk of abrupt supply aa Transportation accounts for 71% of U.S. petroleum use and 33% of GHG emissions. bb Assumes 95% of all gallons of gasoline consumed in the United States are blended with ethanol at an E10 (10% by volume) level. Assumes energy density of pure gasoline is 114,000 Btu/gal, and energy density of pure ethanol is 81,800 Btu/gal (2012 Ethanol Industry Outlook. Renewable Fuels Association, 2012. Accessed August 30, 2012: http://ethanolrfa.3c dn.net/d4ad995ffb7ae8fbfe_1vm62ypzd.pdf). cc Includes liquefied petroleum gases, not shown in the table. dd Assumes ethanol is blended with 95% of consumed motor gasoline gallons at an E10 level. Includes EIA estimates of E85 usage as well. ee Assuming 2 billion gallons of pure biodiesel was produced with an energy density of 118,300 Btu/gallon. 27PDF Image | Opportunities Synergy Natural Gas and Renewable Energy
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