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Chapter 3: Experimental setups additional seal and by increasing the pressure between both scrolls but the experimental results showed that some leakage remains (cfr. section 2.3 ). To fix this, the expander is installed in a semi-hermetic container (with only the expander shaft going out), as shown in Figure 18. The expander discharges the vapor in the container, connected to the exhaust pipe at its lowest part in order to avoid accumulation of condensate. The tightness at the shaft level is ensured by a rubber seal. With such a casing, the necessity to add peripheral seals and increase the pressure between the scrolls disappears. This should reduce the friction losses and increase the expander effectiveness. A second modification on the expander is linked to the change of working fluid: HFC-245fa in vapor phase is about 1.5 times denser than HCFC-123 at an evaporating temperature of 100°C. Therefore, the swept volume of the expander must be reduced. The expander selected has a compressor swept volume of 122 cm3 (instead of the former 148 cm3), with the same internal volume ratio of 4. Direct shaft connection. To avoid the uncertainty of the belt transmission efficiency when measuring shaft power, the torque meter is installed directly on the expander-generator shaft (Figure 19). Inverter. On the previous test rig, the expander speed was adjusted by varying the diameter of the transmission pulleys between the expander and Figure 18: Scroll expander casing Figure 19: Expander (left), Torque meter (middle) and asynchronous generator (right) 14PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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