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Chapter 4: Modeling ➢There exists a rotational speed that maximizes the expander effectiveness. This is due to the antagonist effects of the rotational speed on the internal leakages and on friction losses and supply pressure drop. ➢ A higher pressure in the evaporator may decrease the heat transfer (because of the lower logarithmic mean temperature difference), and increase the under-expansion losses in the expander. Figure 53: Efficiency mapping To determine the optimal working condition, a map of the cycle efficiency is drawn in Figure 53: the cycle efficiency is plotted as a function of the two working conditions. Each gray cross in the background represent one point calculated by the model and used to establish the isometric curves. These curves should only be read in the area defined by the crosses. The lower right part of the map corresponding to high mass flow rate and low rotational speed is undefined, because superheating is reduced to zero, which would correspond to a two-phase state at the evaporator exhaust. Figure 53 shows that an optimum working point is obtained around a value of 0.09 kg/s and 2300 rpm. The optimum is very close to the saturation zone, which confirms that superheating should be as small as possible in an ORC. 24PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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