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Chapter 4: Modeling 3 Dynamic models This section describes the dynamic modeling of different components involved in a waste heat recovery ORC. The models are implemented in Modelica and the fluid properties are computed using the TILMedia library coupled to Refprop. Solving a dynamic system simulation consists in two consecutive steps: the initialization phase, in which a consistent set of values is assigned to all the model variables, and the simulation phase, in which a trajectory is computed. The values calculated during the initialization phase are used for the initial step (t=0) of the simulation process (Dynasim, 2011). As in Engineering Equation Solver, the equations and the connections in Modelica are acausal, which allows stating the model equations in a neutral form without considering a computational order (Jensen, 2003). In addition to the model themselves (described in the next sections), an interface has been written in Matlab to visualize the temporal evolution of the temperature profiles in the heat exchanger and of the T-s, p-h and p-v diagrams of the cycle. This interface is described in Appendix E. 3.1 Heat exchangers model Dynamic models of heat exchanger can be subdivided into two main categories: moving boundaries models and discretized models. The moving boundary formulation is characterized by several zones whose boundaries vary in time according to the current conditions. In a discretized model, most commonly a finite volume model, the 1D flow is subdivided into several equal control volumes. According to (Satyam Bendapudi et al., 2008), moving boundaries models are about three times faster than finite volume models, but they are also less robust through start-up and load-change transients, and are less accurate for refrigerant charge calculation. Figure 57: Discretized heat exchanger model 27PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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