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Chapter 4: Modeling 3.2 Pump/expander models The time constants involved when using positive displacement-machines such as the pump or a scroll expander are low compared to that of the heat exchangers. (Guangbin et al., 2011) showed, through simulations, that the typical response time of scroll expanders is not higher than 2 to 3 seconds. This is very small compared to the time constants involved in dynamic heat exchanger models and can therefore be neglected. To keep the simulation model as effective and fast as possible, detailed thermodynamic model of the expansion process such as the one presented in previous sections are not implemented. Instead, the simplified polynomial models developed in section 2.1 are implemented: the machine is entirely defined by its filling factor and its isentropic effectiveness, which are computed using a limited number of inputs. The model parameters are presented in Figure 61: in all cases the expander swept volume must be defined. Three options are then available: "hermetic scroll expander" and "open-drive scroll expander" correspond to the polynomial laws relative to each type of expander, while "User defined" allows imposing constant values for these two parameters. Figure 61: Expander model parameters 3.3 Liquid receiver model The liquid receiver is assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium at all times, i.e. the vapor and liquid are saturated at the given pressure. It is modeled by the same energy and mass conservation laws as in the discretized heat exchanger (Eqs 42 and 48). The exhaust flow rate is defined as saturated liquid while the supply flow rate coming from the condenser can be either subcooled (in which case the receiver pressure is going to decrease), saturated (in which case the receiver pressure remains constant) or two-phase (in which case the receiver pressure is going to increase). 35PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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