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Chapter 5: Fluid selection and cycle optimization densities much lower than the critical density. This reduced density shows a high impact on the design of the cycle, since the components need to be oversized for two practical reasons: ➢ Low densities involve high fluids velocities and therefore higher pressure drops. The fluid velocity must therefore be reduced by increasing the hydraulic diameter of the pipes and heat exchangers. ➢ The size of the expansion machine must be increased to absorb a higher volume flow rate. This leads to the conclusion that additional criteria must be added to the sole thermodynamic efficiency when comparing working fluids. Very few studies include additional parameters taking into account the practical design of the ORC system, mainly because of the difficulty to define a proper function for the multi-objective optimization of the cycle. (Lakew & Bolland, 2010) carried out a fluid selection taking into account the required heat exchange area and turbine size. They conclude that the final choice should be driven by economical considerations. It is also worthwhile to note that such studies, when they take into account additional fluid properties, don't lead to the selection of unrealistic working fluids such as a very high critical temperature working fluid for a low-temperature heat source. 9PDF Image | Organic Rankine Cycles for Waste Heat Recovery and Solar Uses
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